Rujukan Demokrasi di China

  1. ↑ Perlez, Jane (13 November 2017). "Behind the Scenes, Communist Strategist Presses China's Rise". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ISSN 0362-4331. Dicapai pada 17 December 2022.
  2. ↑ Heurlin, Christopher (2016-10-27). Responsive Authoritarianism in China: Land, Protests, and Policy Making (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-10780-8.
  3. 1 2 "The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China". npc.gov.cn. Dicapai pada 15 December 2021.
  4. ↑ Wong, Alan (10 September 2018). "Is China a democracy? A long (and better) answer". Inkstone News. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 December 2018. Dicapai pada 7 December 2018.
  5. ↑ Mattingly, Daniel C. (2019-12-05). The Art of Political Control in China (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-99791-8.
  6. 1 2 George, Nectar Gan,Steve (2021-12-08). "China claims its authoritarian one-party system is a democracy -- and one that works better than the US". CNN (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-12-16.
  7. 1 2 Bradsher, Keith; Myers, Steven Lee (2021-12-07). "Ahead of Biden's Democracy Summit, China Says: We're Also a Democracy". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ISSN 0362-4331. Dicapai pada 2022-12-16.
  8. ↑ Hale, Erin. "China claims to have 'democracy that works' ahead of Biden summit". www.aljazeera.com (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-12-16.
  9. ↑ "China attacks 'US-style democracy' prior to Biden summit". The Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 2021-12-06. Dicapai pada 2022-12-16.
  10. 1 2 "China: Freedom on the Net 2022 Country Report". Freedom House (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-12-16.
  11. ↑ Human Rights Watch (2021-01-13), "China: Events of 2020", English (dalam bahasa Inggeris), dicapai pada 2022-12-16
  12. ↑ "Xi says multi-party system didn't work for China". Reuters (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 2014-04-02. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 August 2019. Dicapai pada 2019-12-25.
  13. ↑ Mitchell, Tom (2021-09-06). "The Chinese control revolution: the Maoist echoes of Xi's power play". Financial Times. Dicapai pada 2022-04-14.
  14. ↑ "Xi Jinping as 'Authoritarian Reformer'". Freedom House (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-04-13.
  15. ↑ Andrésy, Agnès (2016). Xi Jinping : red China, the next generation. Lanham, Maryland. ISBN 978-0-7618-6601-5. OCLC 927168921.
  16. ↑ Doubek, James (2018-03-11). "China Removes Presidential Term Limits, Enabling Xi Jinping To Rule Indefinitely". NPR (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-04-13.
  17. ↑ "Far East (Formosa and the Pescadores)". Hansard. 540 (cc1870–4). 4 May 1955. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 October 2017. Dicapai pada 1 September 2010. The sovereignty was Japanese until 1952. The Japanese Treaty came into force, and at that time Formosa was being administered by the Chinese Nationalists, to whom it was entrusted in 1945, as a military occupation.
  18. ↑ Charney, Jonathan I.; Prescott, J. R. V. (2000). "Resolving Cross-Strait Relations Between China and Taiwan". American Journal of International Law. 94 (3): 453–477. doi:10.2307/2555319. JSTOR 2555319. After occupying Taiwan in 1945 as a result of Japan's surrender, the Nationalists were defeated on the mainland in 1949, abandoning it to retreat to Taiwan.
  19. ↑ 三、 台灣戒嚴令 [III. Decree to establish martial law in Taiwan] (dalam bahasa Cina). National Archives Administration, National Development Council. 2 October 2009. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 October 2012. Dicapai pada 23 May 2012.
  20. ↑ Rubinstein, Murray A. (2007). Taiwan: A New History. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe. m/s. 302. ISBN 9780765614957.
  21. ↑ Huang, Tai-lin (20 May 2005). "White Terror exhibit unveils part of the truth". Taipei Times. m/s. 2. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 December 2019. Dicapai pada 25 May 2020.
  22. 1 2 Lu, Lu Hsin-hui; Kuo, Chung-han (28 September 2016). "DPP should clarify its cross-strait policy: founding member". Central News Agency. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 29 September 2016. Dicapai pada 29 September 2016.
  23. ↑ Chung, Li-hua; Chin, Jonathan (30 September 2016). "DPP members say party must discuss core values". Taipei Times. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 30 September 2016. Dicapai pada 30 September 2016.
  24. ↑ Kuo, Lily (9 January 2020). "'We need more dreams': Taiwan's 'Squad' rallies youth ahead of election". The Guardian. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 April 2020. Dicapai pada 3 May 2020.
  25. ↑ Copper, John Franklin (1998). "The 1996 Elections". Taiwan's Mid-1990s Elections: Taking the Final Steps to Democracy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275962074.
  26. 1 2 3 "Taiwan's 2020 presidential elections: who are the contenders?". Hong Kong Free Press. 4 January 2020. Dicapai pada 3 May 2020.
  27. 1 2 Zhu, Yunhan (2005). "Taiwan's Year of Stress". Journal of Democracy (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 16 (2): 43–57. doi:10.1353/jod.2005.0023. ISSN 1086-3214.
  28. ↑ "New Party vows to sign peace treaty". Taipei Times. 21 August 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 14 November 2019. Dicapai pada 3 May 2020.
  29. ↑ Kim, Jo. "Exploring China's New Narrative on Democracy". The Diplomat (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 6 December 2019. Dicapai pada 2020-04-10.
  30. 1 2 3 4 "Democracy". Decoding China (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-08-22.
  31. ↑ Chen, Stella (23 November 2021). "Whole-Process Democracy". China Media Project (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-08-13.
  32. 1 2 3 Lin, Chun (2006). The transformation of Chinese socialism. Durham [N.C.]: Duke University Press. m/s. 150. ISBN 978-0-8223-3785-0. OCLC 63178961.
  33. ↑ Joske, Alex (2020). "The party speaks for you: Foreign interference and the Chinese Communist Party's united front system". Australian Strategic Policy Institute. JSTOR resrep25132. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  34. ↑ Guo, Dingping (June 2009). "The Growth of Intra-party Democracy and Its Implications for China's Democratic Future". Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences. 7: 1–19. doi:10.1007/s40647-013-0001-z.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 Boer, Roland (2021). Socialism with Chinese characteristics : a guide for foreigners. Singapore. m/s. 193. ISBN 978-981-16-1622-8. OCLC 1249470522.
  36. ↑ "Constitution". en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn. Dicapai pada 2022-08-23.
  37. 1 2 Truex, Rory (2016-10-28). Making Autocracy Work (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-17243-2.
  38. ↑ Tang, Wenfang (2016-01-04). Populist Authoritarianism: Chinese Political Culture and Regime Sustainability (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-049081-2.
  39. ↑ Lin, Chun (2006). The transformation of Chinese socialism. Durham [N.C.]: Duke University Press. m/s. 42. ISBN 978-0-8223-3785-0. OCLC 63178961.
  40. 1 2 3 Han, Dongping (2008). The Unknown Cultural Revolution: Life and Change in a Chinese Village. New York: Monthly Review Press. m/s. 71. ISBN 978-1-58367-180-1. OCLC 227930948.
  41. ↑ Paltemaa, Lauri (2007). "The Democracy Wall Movement, Marxist Revisionism, and the Variations on Socialist Democracy". Journal of Contemporary China. 16 (53): 611. doi:10.1080/10670560701562325. ISSN 1067-0564.
  42. ↑ Paltemaa, Lauri (2007). "The Democracy Wall Movement, Marxist Revisionism, and the Variations on Socialist Democracy". Journal of Contemporary China (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 16 (53): 623. doi:10.1080/10670560701562325. ISSN 1067-0564.
  43. ↑ Paltemaa, Lauri (2007). "The Democracy Wall Movement, Marxist Revisionism, and the Variations on Socialist Democracy". Journal of Contemporary China (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 16 (53): 611. doi:10.1080/10670560701562325. ISSN 1067-0564.
  44. ↑ Paltemaa, Lauri (2007). "The Democracy Wall Movement, Marxist Revisionism, and the Variations on Socialist Democracy". Journal of Contemporary China (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 16 (53): 620. doi:10.1080/10670560701562325. ISSN 1067-0564.
  45. ↑ Andrew J. Nathan. Chinese Democracy. (New York: Knopf : Distributed by Random House, 1985). ISBN 039451386X. pp. 227–228.
  46. ↑ Macartney, Jane (10 December 2008). "Leading Chinese dissident, Liu Xiaobo, arrested over freedom charter". London: Times Online. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 June 2011. Dicapai pada 10 December 2008.
  47. ↑ "Chinese premier Wen Jiabao calls for more democracy". BBC News (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 2011-09-15. Dicapai pada 2022-08-26.
  48. ↑ "Chinese leader rules out democracy". BBC News (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 2011-03-10. Dicapai pada 2022-08-23.
  49. 1 2 "Human rights in China under Xi Jinping 'worst since Tiananmen crackdown': Amnesty". South China Morning Post (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Amnesty International. 2017-11-17. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 December 2019. Dicapai pada 26 December 2019.
  50. ↑ Buckley, Chris (2013-08-19). "China Takes Aim at Western Ideas". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 August 2013. Dicapai pada 2020-04-10.
  51. ↑ "中国发布民主白皮书， "民主峰会"前夕与美争夺话语权". BBC News (dalam bahasa Cina). Dicapai pada 2022-08-26.
  52. ↑ "Full text: China: Democracy That Works_Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America". us.china-embassy.gov.cn. Dicapai pada 2022-12-16.
  53. ↑ "A new low for global democracy". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Dicapai pada 2022-12-15.
  54. ↑ Guilford, Gwynn (10 October 2014). "The secret history of Hong Kong's stillborn democracy". Quartz. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 June 2019. Dicapai pada 10 June 2019.
  55. ↑ Jacobs, Andrew (2014-10-27). "Hong Kong Democracy Standoff, Circa 1960". The New York Times. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 29 December 2016. Dicapai pada 4 December 2018.
  56. ↑ Buckley, Chris; Forsythe, Michael (2014-08-31). "China Restricts Voting Reforms for Hong Kong". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 February 2015. Dicapai pada 2020-04-10.
  57. 1 2 "Hong Kong reform package rejected as pro-Beijing camp walk out in 'miscommunication'". South China Morning Post (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 2015-06-18. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 April 2020. Dicapai pada 2020-04-12.
  58. ↑ "HK lawmakers shun Beijing poll plan". BBC News (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 2015-06-18. Dicapai pada 2020-09-30.
  59. ↑ Buckley, Chris; Forsythe, Michael (2014-08-31). "China Restricts Voting Reforms for Hong Kong". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 February 2015. Dicapai pada 2020-04-12.
  60. ↑ Lei, Want (18 September 2017). "HK can learn national security from Macao". China Daily. People's Republic of China. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 September 2017. Dicapai pada 10 June 2019.
  61. 1 2 Wang, Zhengxu (November 2007). "Public Support for Democracy in China". Journal of Contemporary China. 16 (53): 561–579. doi:10.1080/10670560701562283.
  62. ↑ Nathan, Andrew; Shi, Tianjian (1993). "Cultural requisites for democracy in China: some findings from a survey". Daedalus. 122 (2): 95–123.
  63. ↑ "Social Change and Social Attitudes Survey". WVS China 2001, EAB China 2002. 2002.
  64. ↑ Chu Yun-han. "How Asians View Democracy: Three Puzzles (pages 10 and 13)" (PDF). Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. Asian Barometer Survey. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada October 2021.
  65. ↑ "Public Opinion in China: A Liberal Silent Majority?". Center for Strategic and International Studies (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-08-26.
  66. ↑ Cunningham, Edward; Saich, Tony; Turiel, Jessie (2020). "Understanding CCP Resilience: Surveying Chinese Public Opinion Through Time". ash.harvard.edu. Dicapai pada 2022-12-16.
  67. ↑ "Trust in Government". Beijing Review. 65 (5/6): 4. 2022.
  68. ↑ O'Connor, Tom (2022-05-30). "Most in China call their nation a democracy, most in U.S. say America isn't". Newsweek (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2022-08-26.

Rujukan

WikiPedia: Demokrasi di China http://en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn/constitution.html http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2017-09/18/co... http://us.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/202112/t20... http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/englishnpc/Constitutio... http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1955/ma... http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/20... http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/20... http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/20... http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1067056... http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/jour...